Modern day bread manufacturing involves many ingredients and chemicals .Limits are arrived for these additives by govt agencies but even then these additives may cause health problems which we are not aware . Andrew Whitley shares his thoughts on these issues.
Excerpts from article by Andrew Whitley
The Biggest change of all occurred when the Chorleywood Bread Process was invented in the Sixties. This is the way most British bread is made to this day. It dramatically speeded up the process.
Its method was high-speed mixing, using intense energy (about six times as much as a craft baker uses to mix his dough), a plethora of additives, greatly increased yeast quantities and no fermentation time.
Before Chorleywood - indeed, for all of man’s bread-making history - bakers took time to let their dough rise (or ferment). That way, the small amount of yeast they put in could multiply and react with the flour to produce enough gas to aerate the bread.
Most bread was made in a two-stage process over 12 to 16 hours. Time ripened the dough, making it easier for the baker to handle and tastier to eat.
But advances in molecular science have revealed an even more significant role of time in bread-making.
As you allow dough to ferment, it neutralises some of the bits of wheat protein that are most likely to trigger bowel disease and other auto-immune and inflammatory reactions to gluten.
Unfortunately, almost all British bread is now made from ‘no time dough’. Which is bad news for our bowels.
Chorleywood was a triumph of efficiency: you could get from raw flour to wrapped loaf in under three hours.
But there were also the additives. Quite a few of them, in fact. Potassium bromate (now banned in the UK as a possible cancer producer), azodicarbonamide (also banned), L-cysteine hydrochloride, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate and so on — the list was long.
To avoid too many frightening chemical names, bread labels were allowed to group the nasties under bland headings such as ‘flour treatment agent’ and ‘emulsifier’.
Some additives were belatedly banned (including the bleaching of flour with chlorine gas in 1999), but new ones filled the gap and, if anything, the list is longer today than 30 years ago.
Showing posts with label Emulsifiers in bakery products. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Emulsifiers in bakery products. Show all posts
Emulsifier - Bakery glosarry
Emulsifier plays an important role in bakery process . Main function of emulsifier is to make a stable emulsion of oil and water .Emulsifier is produced from oil and glycerol . Emulsifier consists of a water-loving hydrophilic head and an oil-loving hydrophobic tail. The hydrophilic head is directed to the aqueous phase and the hydrophobic tail is directed to the oil phase. The emulsifier positions itself at the oil/water or air/water interface and reduces the surface tension and stabilizes in this way the emulsion. They also have the ability to interact with other food ingredients.
Main role of emulsifiers in dough mixing are
Main role of emulsifiers in dough mixing are
- Increased mixing and machine tolerance
- Increased tolerance to variation in ingredients
- Diminished knock downs during handling
- Assit in maximum absorption of water .
Role played in different bakery products are as following
Bread - Interaction among proteins and starch complexing
Biscuits and Cookies - Fat Emulsification
Cakes and wafers - Modification of texture ,fat crystallization ,improvement of foaming and aeration properties .
These emulsifiers are labelled as E numbers on the bakery product packaging . These numbers signify the categories and approval by EU food standards .
Major emulsifiers used in bakery products are
- GMS ( glyceryl mono sterate ) paste or Powder
- SSL ( sodium stearoyl lactylate)
- CSL( calcium stearoyl lactate)
- Lecithin
- Diglycerides
- Polysorbate
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